2026 Global Quantum Computing Cloud Platform Evaluation Report

2026 Global Quantum Computing Cloud Platform Evaluation Report

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Based on standardized independent testing conducted from January to July 2026, the report upgrades the industry’s unified quantitative evaluation framework and selects seven mainstream open superconducting quantum cloud platforms across China, Europe and North America for full-dimensional benchmark testing.

A total of 7 representative quantum computing cloud platforms were selected for assessment, including IBM Quantum Platform, Rigetti Quantum Cloud Services (QCS), IQM Resonance, Tianyan Quantum Computing Cloud Platform (China Telecom Quantum Group), Quafu Quantum Computing Cloud Platform (Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences), Origin Quantum Cloud, and Wuyue Quantum Computing Cloud Platform (China Mobile). The evaluation covers five core dimensions with weighted scores (out of 85 points): Basic Error Rate (20%), Entanglement Scale (20%), Multi‑Qubit XEB (20%), Platform Architecture and Functions (10%), and Ecosystem Operations (15%).

It should be noted that simulator performance, as the sixth evaluation dimension, is separately presented in the appendix of the report, accounting for 15% of the total score.

Key Evaluation Findings

1. Overall Total Score Ranking

l Tier 1 (70–85 Points)

IBM Quantum Platform – 80.3 points. It boasts an overwhelming lead in ecosystem and platform functionality, featuring a complete Qiskit toolchain, over 600,000 registered global users and more than 340 partner institutions. It delivers ultra-low hardware gate errors and high-efficiency 36-qubit simulation. Its only drawback is a maximum GHZ entanglement limit of 20 qubits. Tianyan Quantum Computing Cloud Platform – 72.5 points. Powered by the self-developed Tianyan-287 superconducting chip, it supports 26-qubit global GHZ entanglement and achieves an 11-qubit XEB fidelity of 0.652, on par with IBM. It takes the global lead in simulation computing power, completing standard 30-qubit simulation tasks in just 15.67 seconds. Its main weakness lies in underdeveloped user base, partner network, industrial applications and developer community.

l Tier 2 (60–70 Points)

IQM Resonance – 64 points. A benchmark European superconducting platform with outstanding single and two-qubit gate control precision, capable of stably generating 13-qubit entangled states. However, it delivers extremely poor performance on random circuits, and no standardized measurable simulation data is available for evaluation. Origin Quantum Cloud – 61.1 points. It has the most mature ecosystem among Chinese platforms, with 170 available qubits, 80,000 registered users, 103 partners and 34 sets of industrial quantum applications. Its drawbacks include high readout and two-qubit gate noise, as well as low simulation operation efficiency.

l Tier 3 (<60 Points)

Rigetti QCS – 59.1 points. It achieves the industry’s highest chip topology connectivity, yet suffers from severe readout noise and a maximum effective entanglement scale of only 5 qubits; no measurable simulation data can be obtained during testing. Quafu – 54 points It features a large number of available physical qubits, but is plagued by severe readout error and poor chip connectivity. Its simulation, industrial application and community supporting resources are all inadequate, and it mainly serves internal research purposes.

l Observation Platform: Wuyue Quantum Computing Cloud Platform (China Mobile)

2. Differentiated Development Paths Across Three Major Regions

l North America: Ecosystem and Commercialization-Driven Model. Enterprises such as IBM and Rigetti have built a full industrial chain covering hardware, open-source software, paid cloud services and talent training. Their standardized commercial models are well-established, and they provide full-scale quantum computing access for enterprises and universities on a priority basis.

l Europe: Hardware R&D-Oriented Model. Companies including IQM and Pasqal focus on innovations in underlying superconducting chips and gate control technologies. Yet investment in cloud simulation and developer operations remains insufficient. Their platforms are only open to local laboratories on a small scale, leading to slow commercialization progress.

l China: Independent Full-Stack Road with Overtakes in Hardware and Simulation. Four major domestic quantum cloud platforms follow differentiated development routes. The Tianyan platform has reached world-class standards in multi-qubit entanglement and large-scale simulation. Its main gaps lie in global developer communities and standardized vertical industrial applications, which will be the core breakthrough directions over the next 2 to 3 years.

3. Four Core Industry Development Trends

l Industry competition has shifted from single-dimensional qubit count comparison to all-round full-stack strength evaluation. Hardware noise, entanglement fidelity, simulation efficiency, development toolchains and ecosystem collectively determine a platform’s practical value.

l Quantum-classical hybrid cloud has become an industry standard configuration. High-performance simulation computing power has been upgraded to an independent core evaluation metric, serving an essential demand in the NISQ era.

l Chinese platforms have caught up with leading international vendors in hardware performance. Ecosystem construction is the key shortboard to narrow the gap in global influence.

l Cross-platform interoperability and post-quantum cryptography security will become long-term core competitive barriers. Unified quantum compilation standards will accelerate industrial integration.

Figure 1: Quantitative Scoring Weight Distribution

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